Extremely cold Arctic air has enveloped Western Canada.
Temperatures have dropped into the -30s Celsius with bitter wind chills in the -40s on the Prairies and near -50 in the northern territories.
Even the normally mild Pacific coast has not escaped a so-called Arctic outflow.
About 15 to 20 cm snow fell in Vancouver and Victoria.
Schools closed, traffic was snarled and public transit buses got stuck in a region ill-equipped to handle wintry weather.